Audit

When data from an untrusted source is put into a logger and not neutralized correctly, an attacker could forge log entries or include malicious content.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-93: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences (‘CRLF Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected potential code injection using ScriptEngine. Ensure user-controlled data cannot enter ‘.eval()’, otherwise, this is a code injection vulnerability.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

It looks like you’re using an implementation of XSSRequestWrapper from dzone. (https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/07/anti-cross-site-scripting-xss-filter.html) The XSS filtering in this code is not secure and can be bypassed by malicious actors. It is recommended to use a stack that automatically escapes in your view or templates instead of filtering yourself.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’)
OWASP:
- A07:2017 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- A03:2021 - Injection

A cookie was detected without setting the ‘secure’ flag. The ‘secure’ flag for cookies prevents the client from transmitting the cookie over insecure channels such as HTTP. Set the ‘secure’ flag by calling ‘$COOKIE.setSecure(true);‘
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-614: Sensitive Cookie in HTTPS Session Without ‘Secure’ Attribute
OWASP:
- A05:2021 - Security Misconfiguration

A cookie was detected without setting the ‘HttpOnly’ flag. The ‘HttpOnly’ flag for cookies instructs the browser to forbid client-side scripts from reading the cookie. Set the ‘HttpOnly’ flag by calling ‘cookie.setHttpOnly(true);‘
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-1004: Sensitive Cookie Without ‘HttpOnly’ Flag
OWASP:
- A05:2021 - Security Misconfiguration

Semgrep found potential reverse shell behavior
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected input from a HTTPServletRequest going into a session command, like setAttribute. User input into such a command could lead to an attacker inputting malicious code into your session parameters, blurring the line between what’s trusted and untrusted, and therefore leading to a trust boundary violation. This could lead to programmers trusting unvalidated data. Instead, thoroughly sanitize user input before passing it into such function calls.
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-501: Trust Boundary Violation
OWASP:
- A04:2021 - Insecure Design

An expression is built with a dynamic value. The source of the value(s) should be verified to avoid that unfiltered values fall into this risky code evaluation.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

‘Integer.toHexString()’ strips leading zeroes from each byte if read byte-by-byte. This mistake weakens the hash value computed since it introduces more collisions. Use ‘String.format(“%02X”, …)’ instead.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-704: Incorrect Type Conversion or Cast
OWASP:
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It looks like MD5 is used as a password hash. MD5 is not considered a secure password hash because it can be cracked by an attacker in a short amount of time. Use a suitable password hashing function such as PBKDF2 or bcrypt. You can use javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory with SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1") or, if using Spring, org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.
Likelihood: HIGH
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
OWASP:
- A03:2017 - Sensitive Data Exposure
- A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures

Using less than 128 bits for Blowfish is considered insecure. Use 128 bits or more, or switch to use AES instead.
Likelihood: HIGH
Confidence: HIGH
CWE:
- CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
OWASP:
- A03:2017 - Sensitive Data Exposure
- A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures

A formatted or concatenated string was detected as input to a ProcessBuilder call. This is dangerous if a variable is controlled by user input and could result in a command injection. Ensure your variables are not controlled by users or sufficiently sanitized.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected a formatted string in a SQL statement. This could lead to SQL injection if variables in the SQL statement are not properly sanitized. Use a prepared statements (java.sql.PreparedStatement) instead. You can obtain a PreparedStatement using ‘connection.prepareStatement’.
Likelihood: HIGH
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (‘SQL Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

A expression is built with a dynamic value. The source of the value(s) should be verified to avoid that unfiltered values fall into this risky code evaluation.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected input from a HTTPServletRequest going into an LDAP query. This could lead to LDAP injection if the input is not properly sanitized, which could result in attackers modifying objects in the LDAP tree structure. Ensure data passed to an LDAP query is not controllable or properly sanitize the data.
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-90: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (‘LDAP Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Using CBC with PKCS5Padding is susceptible to padding oracle attacks. A malicious actor could discern the difference between plaintext with valid or invalid padding. Further, CBC mode does not include any integrity checks. Use ‘AES/GCM/NoPadding’ instead.
Likelihood: HIGH
Confidence: HIGH
CWE:
- CWE-327: Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm
OWASP:
- A03:2017 - Sensitive Data Exposure
- A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures

Application redirects to a destination URL specified by a user-supplied parameter that is not validated. This could direct users to malicious locations. Consider using an allowlist to validate URLs.
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-601: URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (‘Open Redirect’)
OWASP:
- A01:2021 - Broken Access Control

Insecure SMTP connection detected. This connection will trust any SSL certificate. Enable certificate verification by setting ‘email.setSSLCheckServerIdentity(true)’.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-297: Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch
OWASP:
- A07:2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures

https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/bugs.htm#PERMISSIVE_CORS Permissive CORS policy will allow a malicious application to communicate with the victim application in an inappropriate way, leading to spoofing, data theft, relay and other attacks.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-183: Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
OWASP:
- A04:2021 - Insecure Design

If an attacker can supply values that the application then uses to determine which class to instantiate or which method to invoke, the potential exists for the attacker to create control flow paths through the application that were not intended by the application developers. This attack vector may allow the attacker to bypass authentication or access control checks or otherwise cause the application to behave in an unexpected manner.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (‘Unsafe Reflection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

URL rewriting has significant security risks. Since session ID appears in the URL, it may be easily seen by third parties.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
OWASP:
- A01:2021 - Broken Access Control

An object-returning LDAP search will allow attackers to control the LDAP response. This could lead to Remote Code Execution.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-90: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (‘LDAP Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected input from a HTTPServletRequest going into the environment variables of an ‘exec’ command. Instead, call the command with user-supplied arguments by using the overloaded method with one String array as the argument. exec({"command", "arg1", "arg2"}).
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-454: External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected file permissions that are overly permissive (read, write, and execute). It is generally a bad practices to set overly permissive file permission such as read+write+exec for all users. If the file affected is a configuration, a binary, a script or sensitive data, it can lead to privilege escalation or information leakage. Instead, follow the principle of least privilege and give users only the permissions they need.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-276: Incorrect Default Permissions
OWASP:
- A01:2021 - Broken Access Control

A expression is built with a dynamic value. The source of the value(s) should be verified to avoid that unfiltered values fall into this risky code evaluation.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code (‘Code Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected non-constant data passed into an LDAP query. If this data can be controlled by an external user, this is an LDAP injection. Ensure data passed to an LDAP query is not controllable; or properly sanitize the data.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-90: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query (‘LDAP Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

A formatted or concatenated string was detected as input to a java.lang.Runtime call. This is dangerous if a variable is controlled by user input and could result in a command injection. Ensure your variables are not controlled by users or sufficiently sanitized.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Older Java application servers are vulnerable to HTTP response splitting, which may occur if an HTTP request can be injected with CRLF characters. This finding is reported for completeness; it is recommended to ensure your environment is not affected by testing this yourself.
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-113: Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers (‘HTTP Request/Response Splitting’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected input from a HTTPServletRequest going into a XPath evaluate or compile command. This could lead to xpath injection if variables passed into the evaluate or compile commands are not properly sanitized. Xpath injection could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information in XML documents. Instead, thoroughly sanitize user input or use parameterized xpath queries if you can.
Likelihood: HIGH
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-643: Improper Neutralization of Data within XPath Expressions (‘XPath Injection’)
OWASP:
- A03:2021 - Injection

Possible JDBC injection detected. Use the parameterized query feature available in queryForObject instead of concatenating or formatting strings: ‘jdbc.queryForObject(“select * from table where name = ?”, Integer.class, parameterName);‘
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (‘SQL Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Detected input from a HTTPServletRequest going into a ‘ProcessBuilder’ or ‘exec’ command. This could lead to command injection if variables passed into the exec commands are not properly sanitized. Instead, avoid using these OS commands with user-supplied input, or, if you must use these commands, use a whitelist of specific values.
Likelihood: MEDIUM
Confidence: MEDIUM
CWE:
- CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’)
OWASP:
- A01:2017 - Injection
- A03:2021 - Injection

Found object deserialization using ObjectInputStream. Deserializing entire Java objects is dangerous because malicious actors can create Java object streams with unintended consequences. Ensure that the objects being deserialized are not user-controlled. If this must be done, consider using HMACs to sign the data stream to make sure it is not tampered with, or consider only transmitting object fields and populating a new object.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data
OWASP:
- A08:2017 - Insecure Deserialization
- A08:2021 - Software and Data Integrity Failures

Detected anonymous LDAP bind. This permits anonymous users to execute LDAP statements. Consider enforcing authentication for LDAP. See https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jndi/ldap/auth_mechs.html for more information.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-287: Improper Authentication
OWASP:
- A02:2017 - Broken Authentication
- A07:2021 - Identification and Authentication Failures

XMLDecoder should not be used to parse untrusted data. Deserializing user input can lead to arbitrary code execution. Use an alternative and explicitly disable external entities. See https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/XML_External_Entity_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html for alternatives and vulnerability prevention.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: LOW
CWE:
- CWE-611: Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference
OWASP:
- A04:2017 - XML External Entities (XXE)
- A05:2021 - Security Misconfiguration

An insecure SSL context was detected. TLS versions 1.0, 1.1, and all SSL versions are considered weak encryption and are deprecated. Use SSLContext.getInstance(“TLSv1.2”) for the best security.
Likelihood: LOW
Confidence: HIGH
CWE:
- CWE-326: Inadequate Encryption Strength
OWASP:
- A03:2017 - Sensitive Data Exposure
- A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures